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非金属氢化物(HF,HCl,H2O,H2S,NH3)==金属氢化物(NaH)
1、还原性:
4HCl(浓)+MnO2==MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O
4H++2Cl–+MnO2==Mn2++Cl2↑+2H2O
4HCl(浓)+PbO2==PbCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O
4H++2Cl–+PbO2==Pb2++Cl2↑+2H2O
4HCl(g)+O2==2Cl2+2H2O
16HCl+2KMnO4==2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2↑+8H2O
16==H++10Cl-+2MnO4–=2Mn2++5Cl2↑+8H2O
6HCl+KClO3==KCl+3Cl2↑+3H2O
6H++5Cl–+ClO3–=3Cl2↑+3H2O
14HCl+K2Cr2O7==2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2↑+7H2O
14H++6Cl–+Cr2O72–=2Cr3++5Cl2↑+7H2O
2H2O+2F2==4HF+O2
2HCl+F2=2HF+Cl2==(F2气与HCl、HBr、HI、H2S、NH3气体不能共存)
2HBr+Cl2=2HCl+Br2==(Cl2气与HBr、HI、H2S、NH3气体不能共存)
2H2S+3O2(足量)==2SO2+2H2O==2H2S+O2(少量)==2S↓+2H2O
2H2S+SO2==3S↓+2H2O==H2S+H2SO4(浓)==S↓+SO2↑+2H2O
3H2S+2HNO3(稀)==3S↓+2NO↑+4H2O
3H2S+2H++2NO3–=3S↓+2NO↑+4H2O
5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4==2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S↓+8H2O
5H2S+2MnO4–+6H+=2Mn2++5S↓+8H2O
3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4==Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S↓+7H2O
3H2S+Cr2O72–+8H+==2Cr3++3S↓+7H2O
H2S+4Na2O2+2H2O==Na2SO4+6NaOH
H2S+4Na2O2+2H2O=8Na++==+
2NH3+3CuO==3Cu+N2+3H2O
2NH3+3Cl2==N2+6HCl==8NH3+3Cl2==N2+6NH4Cl
NH3+NaNO2+HCl==NaCl+N2↑+2H2O
NH3+NO2–+H+=N2↑+2H2O
4NH3+3O2(纯氧)==2N2+6H2O==4NH3+5O2==4NO+6H2O
4NH3+6NO==5N2+6H2O==(用氨清除NO)
NaH+H2O==NaOH+H2↑==(生氢剂)
NaH+H2O=Na++OH–+H2↑
4NaH+TiCl4==Ti+4NaCl+2H2↑==CaH2+2H2O=Ca(OH)2↓+2H2↑
2、酸性:
4HF+SiO2==SiF4+2H2O(可测定矿样或钢样中SiO2的含量，玻璃雕刻)
4HF+Si==SiF4+2H2↑
2HF+CaCl2==CaF2+2HCl==H2S+Fe==FeS↓+H2↑
H2S+CuCl2==CuS↓+2HCl==(弱酸制强酸的典型反应)
H2S+Cu2+=CuS↓+2H+
H2S+2AgNO3==Ag2S↓+2HNO3
H2S+2Ag+=Ag2S↓+2H+
H2S+HgCl2==HgS↓+2HCl
H2S+Hg2+=HgS↓+2H+
H2S+Pb(NO3)2==PbS↓+2HNO3==(铅试纸检验空气中H2S)
H2S+Pb2+=PbS↓+2H+
H2S+2Ag==Ag2S+H2↑(银器在空气中变黑的原因)
2NH3(液)+2Na==2NaNH2+H2↑==(NaNH2+H2O==NaOH+NH3↑)
3、NH3的碱性：
NH3+HX==NH4X==(X：F、Cl、Br、I、S)
NH3+HNO3==NH4NO3==NH3+H+=NH4+
2NH3+H2SO4==(NH4)2SO4==NH3+H+=NH4+
NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2==NaHCO3+NH4Cl(侯德榜制碱：用于工业制备小苏打，苏打)
NH3+H2S==NH4HS==NH3+H2S=NH4++HS-
4、不稳定性：
2HF==H2+F2==2HCl==H2+Cl2==2H2O==2H2+O2
2H2O2==2H2O+O2==H2S==H2+S==2NH3==N2+3H2
2HI==H2+I2
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